Copyright registration can be obtained for original works of art, literature, books, music, films, cds and computer programs.
It covers the following:
1. Literary works such as books, literature, technical drawings, computer programs, computer databases
2. Musical works or Audio Visual work
3. Artistic works including logos, photographs, pictures
What is a patent?
Patents protect inventions and improvements to existing inventions.
Patent is a monopoly right granted by the Government to exclude others from exploiting or using a particular invention. This
exclusive monopoly granted by a Patent is provided in return for the inventor disclosing the details of the invention to the public.
Therefore, the patent is a monopoly right which offers exclusivity to the patentee to exploit the invention for 20 years after which it
falls to the public domain.
While filing a patent for your invention, there are several critical aspects to be followed especially in drafting the claims, which
define the scope of the invention. Drafting patent specification is an art by itself, and requires the expertise of skilled professionals
in this field.
Types of patent applications :
A) PROVISIONAL APPLICATION
A provisional application is a temporary application which is filed when the invention is not finalized and is still under
experimentation.
Advantages of filing a provisional application
1. Applicant gets 12 months’ time to fully develop the invention and ascertain its market potential
2. Helps to establish “priority” right over the invention
3. Enables the applicant to use the term "patent pending” on their product
4. Less expensive to prepare and file the application
5. Enables the applicant to file International applications and claim priority within 12 months.
However, in order for the patent to be granted, a provisional application must be followed by a complete specification within 12
months. Moreover, the provisional application should be sufficiently detailed and must be drafted very carefully to ensure that the
priority rights are secured for your invention.
B) ORDINARY APPLICATION OR NON-PROVISIONAL APPLICATION
An application for patent filed in the Patent Office without claiming any priority of application made in a convention country or
without any reference to any other application under process in the office is called an ordinary application. An ordinary application
must be accompanied with a complete specification and claims.
C) CONVENTION APPLICATION
An application for patent filed in the Patent Office, claiming a priority date based on the same or substantially similar application
filed in one or more of the convention countries, is called a convention application. In order to get convention status, an applicant
should file the application in the Indian Patent Office within 12 months from the date of first filing of a similar application in the
convention country.
D) PCT INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION
A PCT Application is an international application governed by the Patent Cooperation Treaty, and can be validated in upto 142
countries.
Advantages of filing a PCT Application
1. A single international patent application can be filed in order to seek protection for an invention in up to 142 countries throughout
the world.
2. The priority date obtained by filing a PCT application is internationally recognized, and has an effect in each of the countries
designated.
3. It gives the application 30/31 months to enter into various countries from the international filing date or the priority date, and
therefore gives the applicant more time to assess the viability of the invention.
4. Delays the expenses associated with applying for a patent in various countries
5. Provides an International Search Report citing prior art, which gives an indication to the applicant whether the invention is novel
and innovative.
6. Provides an option for requesting an International Preliminary Examination Report, the report containing an opinion on the
patentability of the invention.
7. The International Search Report and International Preliminary Examination Report, allows the applicant to make more informed
choices early in the patent process, and to amend the application to deal with any conflicting material, before the major expenses of
the national phase of the patent process begin. It also gives the applicant a fair idea on the patentability of the invention before
incurring charges for filing and prosecuting the application in each country.
E) PCT NATIONAL PHASE APPLICATION
When an international application is made according to PCT designating India, an applicant can file the national phase application
in India within 31 months from the international filing date or the priority date (whichever is earlier).
F) PATENT OF ADDITION
When an applicant feels that he has come across an invention which is a slight modification of the invention for which he has
already applied for or has obtained patent, the applicant can go for patent of addition if the invention does not involve a substantial
inventive step. There is no need to pay separate renewal fee for the patent of addition during the term of the main patent and it
expires along with the main patent.
G) DIVISIONAL APPLICATION
When an application made by applicant claims more than one invention, the applicant on his own or to meet the official objection
may divide the application and file two or more applications, as applicable for each of the inventions. This type of application,
divided out of the parent one, is called a Divisional Application. The priority date for all the divisional applications will be same as
that claimed by the Parent Application (Ante-dating)
